Human digestion Essay

The salivary glands are the first to react in the digestive process, which are usually triggered by either the sight or the smell of food. Food enters the digestive tract through the mouth where the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands help moisten and break down the food within minutes. The food then becomes something called a bolus, which will travel through the pharynx, then through the esophagus, and into the stomach. As the food travels through the pharynx the epiglottis is in place to prevent food from entering the lungs. Once the bolus enters the stomach it is broken down with acid secretions. The food is partially digested within the stomach. The bolus then becomes chyme (a semiliquid food). Chyme usually leaves the stomach during a time frame of 2-6 hours. The small intestine is where most of the digestion and nutrient absorption takes place with the help of secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The small intestine consists of three parts: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. Anything that is not absorbed in the small intestine then enters the large intestine travelling through the sphincter. The sphincter prevents any of the remaining food from re-entering the small intestine. The large intestine is made up of two major parts: the colon and the rectum. The colon aids in the absorption of leftover water, vitamins, or minerals. Anything left over after this process is considered waste product (feces) and is then excreted from the body via the anus, which is attached to the colon. Reference Human Digestion Activity. Retrieved August 21, 2009 from http://corptrain.phoenix.edu/axia/sci241/sci241-digestivetract.html

The Term Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman

The origin of the term emotional intelligence is from a book by Daniel Goleman in 1995 and this book has made it one of the hottest subjects to be discussed in corporate America. This led to an article in the Harvard Business Review two years ago, and that attracted more readers than all articles published in the magazine during the last 40 years. This had such an effect on the CEO of Johnson & Johnson that he sent out the article to all 400 executives in the company. (Emotional Intelligence: What it is and why it Matters) In the book, Goleman had divided the subject as consisting of five emotional competencies and these were to identify and name the emotional states of the person and to understand its link to emotions thought and action; to manage one's emotional states and thus to control emotions or to change unwanted emotional states into ones that could tackle the situation better; to get into emotional situations which were more likely to be connected with the drive to achieve and be successful; to read, be sensitive and thus influence emotions of other people; and finally to be able to start and maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships. In the theory of Goleman, these emotional competencies are built in a hierarchy, and one has to be able to find them out so that they can be managed. One of the important aspects is to be able to achieve drive to achieve emotional states. These abilities lead the person to the situation where he can achieve the objective of reading and influencing the emotions of other people in a positive manner. It is not that emotions do not exist and there are always feelings in our minds. This is not appreciated by organizations who value being rational, but not having emotional management. Emotional intelligence: Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia) It is not enough to have the old fashioned cognitive intelligence to be successful at work, but it also needs the capacity in the person to stop negative emotions like anger and non-belief in one self. Instead the person should be capable of concentrating on congeniality and confidence. This is the belief of a new group of psychologists. This concept was first highlighted by Daniel Goleman in his book â€Å"Emotional Intelligence why it can matter more than IQ†. He is still continuing on his work and the new book is â€Å"Working with Emotional Intelligence†. In the book his concentration is on the use that emotional intelligence can be put at work and that is supposed to be managed more by intelligence than feelings. It has been seen that all types of people need emotional intelligence, and even the bosses who have to deal with a lot of people also need it a lot. (Does 'emotional intelligence' matter in the workplace? ) This is also not like IQ which does not change much for the person, but this factor can be learnt, and probably some types of failures help build it up. As an example, one can take the case of J. K. Rowling who is the author of Harry Potter. She has certainly learnt a lot through experience as she was first divorced and then had to live separately with her children in Edinburgh. On top of that the first book that she had written, out of the ten books now, was rejected by the publishers. (Succeeding with Emotional Intelligence) Her experience certainly gave her a lot of emotional stress bearing capacity, and permitted her to wait enough to be able to finally bring out her best. So far as we are concerned, let us now take the case of a person who has just been appointed as a trainee manager and is very hot headed. This is most often an emotional intelligence problem. Let us find out how he can be guided to be a better manager. At the outset, one has to understand that emotional intelligence is a very difficult quality for evaluation. In school we have girls who are smart, well organized and industrious. She is also caring about other students in the class, but she is not liked by her classmates and her name is left out of all invitations. She gets to hear of the lunch plans, but is not invited. This trend continues even when she is working. Boys may have a similar situation and be so smart that they are liked by all the moms and dads in the area. He may be even smart enough to merit special schools, but is not able to continue. Finally he is compelled to take up menial jobs for survival. These examples tell us clearly not to depend on our emotions, as we are taught to believe that emotions are not â€Å"life† and give us a distorted view of life. When any question of emotions come up, it is viewed as being childish and the individual is thought of being a baby. When another child runs to help the afflicted child, we call the other child as being a baby. One can say clearly that our lives are determined by our intellectual capacity in our minds, but that is often not true in real life. We pride our capacity to memorize and solve problems, spell words and calculate mathematically. These capacities are reflected in the report card and decide the grades that we get. (Emotional Intelligence Training) When an individual is not able to perform well in these measures, he is considered to be â€Å"brainless†, but that does not mean that all of them have no success in life later. This is not true for companies which today test the emotional intelligence of their employees, and many companies are already doing it. It is also true that different types of jobs require different types of emotional intelligence. A sales man requires the capacity to be able to judge the moods of the potential customers, and based on that, he has to decide when to try and sell and when to just keep quiet. On the other hand when a person is trying to become a painter or a professional tennis player, they have to gather up the capacity for a lot of self discipline and motivation. It is also seen that women have different capacities from men on certain emotional traits, and this information is based on large scale assessments of EQ. (Does 'emotional intelligence' matter in the workplace? ) It is seen that, in general women have better measures of empathy and social responsibility but a lot less on self confidence and tolerance of stress. This requires women in many organizations to learn self confidence through the use of meditation, yoga and jogging. On the other side, the men have to learn listening to other workers and the customers, and thus understand their moods and gain their trust. These are also very important qualities of being a leader, being able to work in a team and maintain good relations with other workers. (Does 'emotional intelligence' matter in the workplace? It is thus clear that the disability of our trainee manager is due to his being a â€Å"smart† boy and thus not learning enough of emotional qualities for being a successful manager. We can also see that this is not unusual among male managers. At the same time, it requires a lot of cognitive ability for any person to get admitted into a course of science. The high ability is required for just an admission into a course for any renowned school like Berkeley, but the question here is that once the admission process is over, then it becomes a question of keeping up with the other students in the course. That does not require a high IQ but requires more of a suitable social and emotional build up in the individual. This can be viewed in another way and that is a scientist probably requires an IQ of 120 or thereabouts to get a doctorate and then a job. At the same time, the individual should have the capacity to be able to get along with the colleagues and juniors, and that is probably as good as having another 10 or 15 points higher of IQ. (Emotional Intelligence: What it is and why it Matters) A somewhat similar situation exists for managers. It is not that they require a high intellectual capacity, but they have to have the capacity to get along well with others, and a manager without that capacity is likely to fail as a manager. To solve this problem in the trainee that we are talking about, an actor was put among the group of managers being trained. As a part of their training, the managers were given the task of jointly deciding on the bonus to be given to the subordinates for a particular period. The actor was the person among the group who spoke first and gave the future managers the initial ideas of solving the problem. Within the group with the problematic trainee, the actor projected a lot of cheer and enthusiasm, along with warmth about the employees. This brought about the transmission of a similar feeling to the group, including the trainee. This led good emotions among the group, and improved the cooperation, spirit of fairness and better group performance. This attitude among the managers led to a fairer distribution of money among the people and thus was of use to the organization. This activity also continued for some time, in other similar activities, and similar results were seen. In terms of emotional intelligence the required quality can be called empathy, and this has been known by the psychologists to contribute a lot to the success of individuals. (Emotional Intelligence: What it is and why it Matters) Let us look at the case of Aaron Feuerstein, and his Malden Mills Polartec factory, which was totally destroyed by fir in 1995. He personally paid the salaries of the workers for three months while the factory was rebuilt. (Succeeding with Emotional Intelligence) The importance of this quality was found out more than twenty years ago at Harvard by Rosenthal and others. They said that people who were good at identifying emotions of other people were more successful in work as also in the social aspects. This aspect was also found important among apparel sales representatives as their quality of empathy was given value by the retail sales buyers. It was reported in a survey that the buyers wanted representatives who could listen to them with patience and comprehend their difficulties and requirements. (Emotional Intelligence: What it is and why it Matters) It is important to understand that emotional competence refers to personal and social skills and those qualities lead to a better level of work. The capacity to understand the feelings of another person enables the first to develop a certain amount of influence on the second person. At the same time, people who are able to control or regulate their own emotions ultimately find it easier to develop qualities like Initiative or achievement drive. The entire concept of emotional intelligence has been developed over a long period of time. The development was through research and theoretical discussions on personality and social reactions, as well as psychology. This view was also accepted by Goleman. He has said clearly that that the abilities linked with emotional intelligence have been a part of the psychologists for a long period of time. (Emotional Intelligence: What it is and why it Matters) The manager's and the supervisors' behavior as also their treatment of their sub-ordinates ultimately determine whether they stay or they leave. They have to look after the individual needs, wants and expectations of these people every day. That in turn affects the attitudes, performances and satisfaction of the employees. It involves great stress in leading so many people and meeting their needs and expectations all the time, while at the same time performing up to the requirements of the top management. It is said that two-fifths of the departures of people from an organization are due to an effective relationship among the employees and their immediate bosses. If there is no trust between them, then the performance is naturally inferior. All employees want support and care from the supervisor and manager, who at the same time has their best interests in mind. It is with this view that team leaders and project managers are viewed as being responsible for the environment at work where different types of people come to work, to achieve success on diverse jobs in a short period. The continuation of working in the political environment of organizations can lead to a lot of difficulties for the individual – frustration, anxiety, suspicion, resentment. This lets production fall behind schedule, and ultimately people leave the organization. (Who Needs Emotional Intelligence Skills)

A virtual community and a social networking web site Essay

QUESTION 1. Write a paragraph to explain and distinguish between a virtual community and a social networking web site. In Social networks everyone has their own social network (whether online or offline). Everyone has friends, families, and people they are acquainted with. An online social networking site simply makes our social networks visible to others who are not in our immediate network. So the single most important feature that distinguishes a social network from a community is how people are held together on these sites. In a social network, people are held together by pre-established interpersonal relationships, such as kinship, friendship, classmates, colleagues, business partners, etc. The connections are built one at a time (i.e. you connect directly with another user). The primary reason that people join a social networking site is to maintain old relationships and establish new ones to expand their network. Some obvious examples of social networks are Facebook, Myspace, and LinkedIn. One interesting feature about people’s social networks is that they are extremely unique. It is actually very difficult to fake a Facebook or LinkedIn profile, because your friends (or who you connect to) will collectively identify you. Unlike social networks, communities (both online and offline) are more interesting from a social anthropological perspective, because they often consist of people from all walks of life that seem to have no relationship at all. Yet, as we’ve learned from history, communities are very robust social structures. So what is it that holds these communities together? Communities are held together by common interest. It may be a hobby, something the community members are passionate about, a common goal, a common project, or merely the preference for a similar lifestyle, geographical location, or profession. Clearly people join the community because they care about this common interest that glues the community members together. Some stay because they felt the urge to contribute to the cause; others come because they can benefit from being part of the community. In communities identity are easily forged. QUESTION 2. Identify a product that could be promoted using a social networking site such as Facebook. Explain why your chosen product would be a good candidate for a social networking-based promotion strategy. Amazon  products such as electronics and wears are definitely liable products for promotion on Social networking sites. Especially when discounted this products call for great awareness knowing that large amount of people or customers demand and are in search of these products in cheaper, available and from trusted companies. These products being available for sales online with sound delivery and trust (in returns and delivery) calls for great insight for people to generate interest, confidence and preference for purchase. Consequently, people or customers through the social networking sites creates vast awareness in conversations and sharing thoughts and likeness for such products or promotion. QUESTION 3. Describe 2 or 3 specific apps that could use a smart phones GPS capability. State the benefits of using the GPS in the app in each case. Find my phone Find My Phone is a GPS tracking application on android phones that makes it easy for you to track and locate a stolen phone. This phone tracker app includes a navigational feature and assistance and as long as the location app is running, it can help locate a stolen or lost phone quickly and easily. The app uses secure data from cell phone companies to track and display the phone location on the Find My Phone map. For this feature to function, the Find My Phone app needs to be installed on both your phone and the phone of the person you want to track or locate. Find My Phone uses state-of-the-art GPS technology to accurately locate phones. Note: For this feature to function, the Find My Phone app needs to be installed on both your phone and the phone of the person you want to track or locate Google Maps The Google Maps app for Android phones and tablets makes navigating to your desired location faster and easier. It enables you find the best spots in town and the information you need to get there. Google Maps includes various relevant features such as †¢ Comprehensive, accurate maps in 220 countries and territories †¢ Voice-guided GPS navigation for driving, biking, and walking †¢ Transit directions and maps for over 15,000 towns and cities †¢ Live traffic conditions, incident reports, and automatic rerouting to find the best route †¢ Detailed information on more than 100 million places  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Street View and indoor imagery for restaurants, museums, and more.

Does the efficient market theory apply on the FOREX market Essay

Does the efficient market theory apply on the FOREX market - Essay Example If the trend is looking upwards, the person â€Å"B† will buy the stock. In both cases, both persons got to the same conclusion of buying the stock of the same company, but their methods were entirely different. The person â€Å"B† does not even have to visit the company to do the technical analysis. Now implying the same method on the foreign exchange market, we can deduct whether the efficient market hypothesis is workable in the FOREX market or he not. For that we need to know the basics of the efficient market hypothesis. The efficient market hypothesis can be viewed as having three levels or stages; the weak form, the semi strong and the strong form. The weak form or the weak stage states that the price of the security or stock at any point in time reflects the true value of the stock, meaning that we cannot predict the stock’s movement from the price of the stock. All the values or the fundamentals of the company (all the negative and positive aspects) are already reflected in the stock price; therefore it is useless to do the fundamental analysis. All the publicly available information has been incorporated in the stock price. The semi-strong form or stage of the hypothesis states that the current stock price reflects all the available public information and the prices instantly change to reflect the new public information. The third stage of string form efficient states that even the insider information cannot affect the stock price. 3. Rationale for the chosen topic My reason for choosing this topic is the huge appeal in the foreign exchange market. The greatest portion of finance is in the foreign exchange by volume. The reason for this trade’s usefulness is that every trade of goods, stocks, bonds, gold silver and the like... The aim of this discussion is to decide whether the efficient market hypothesis is applicable to the foreign exchange market or not. We will try to analyze a small portion from the history of the price fluctuations of the US Dollar Vs the Euro. We will see how the figures react against the technical analysis. We will test their validity and present our conclusion. My reason for choosing this topic is the huge appeal in the foreign exchange market. The greatest portion of finance is in the foreign exchange by volume. The reason for this trade’s usefulness is that every trade of goods, stocks, bonds, gold silver and the like is done through currency and there comes the conversion process. That is why it is so prevalent that to escape the ups and downs of the foreign exchange becomes impossible. The other rationale is that I’m interested in both the fundamental and technical analysis. I believe in the perfect fusion of the both. One important thing for the efficient market hypothesis to be effective is the assumptions, which serve as the rationale for it. One of the assumptions is that a large number of market participants are constantly analyzing the stocks and bonds. They do it on their own, independent of each other. This gives a more subtle and objective evaluation of the security.

A true leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A true leader - Essay Example A true leader is able to motivate the members of his group to not give up during tribulations. He drives them to keep on believing the power of teamwork and realize that aims and aspirations are better attained when people cooperate. Amidst hard times, a good leader is able to think and act strategically in order for the team to fight and in the end prevail. Leadership is about sacrifice and selflessness. It is not about abusing power or position so as to promote self-interest. Rather, it is about putting other people's welfare on top of one's own since this bodes well for the future of the entire team. This means that leaders think and even care more about their constituents or subordinates than themselves. For me, these qualities are best exemplified by Martin Luther King, Jr., the legendary leader of the black people's movement. Prior to his ascension as a great civic leader, King witnessed and experienced the injustices towards the black minority. Rules on separating the white people from people of color were being implemented in education, transportation and other public facilities. This made the black minority as second class citizens. In this regard, he valiantly fought for equal rights and racial integration. Through his po

ISLM model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ISLM model - Essay Example money demand equals to money supply. In the IS-LM model, money demand is assumed to be given exogenously at any point of time. It is the Central Bank, which determines money supply in any economy at any given point of time. The intersection of the two curves is known to be as the point of general equilibrium at which both the money market and the goods market are in equilibrium. In the above figure, the positively sloped curve is the LM curve, while the negatively sloped curve is the IS curve. E* is the intersection point of the two curves and represents general equilibrium. r* and y* is the general equilibrium values of r and y at which goods and money markets are simultaneously in equilibrium. Whether an economic model is reliable in terms of the values of different variables that it predicts and/or whether an economic model is capable enough of capturing what is actually happening in the real world depends on the reasonability of the assumptions it is based on. To examine how well IS-LM model captures what actually happens in the economy, one needs to check whether the two basic assumptions of the IS-LM model are reasonable. The major problem with the IS-LM model is that its two basic assumptions mentioned above have certain limitations and for this reason in spite of being a fundamental macroeconomic model, economists not very frequently use it for estimating the parameters involved in this model as well as the future values of output. (Clarida and Gertler, 1999 First, consider the problem with the assumption of price rigidity. IS-LM model always makes a prediction that equilibrium can be obtained at any level a it considers a passive kind of supply. According to this model, producers produce whatever is demanded by the buyers. In IS-Lm framework, if in an economy demand changes, then the economy will make all the adjustments to that change in demand in

Nationalized Health Insurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nationalized Health Insurance - Essay Example hree major areas of concern: loss of health decision choices and lack of privacy, a decline in the quality of health care and the creation of new inequalities. Proponents of nationalized health insurance focus predominately on the issue of monetary savings. They claim that the cost of consumer products is reduced when health insurance is nationalized because savings made by employers who are no longer liable for their employees health insurance are passed on to consumers. In turn, this lowering of the cost of products ensures more local jobs for employees because companies are more able to compete in global trade. Supporters of nationalized health insurance also maintain that employees are more mobile because they are more confident and thus more able to change employment if they are no longer happy with one employer; they are also less hesitant in setting up their own business or company without the anxiety of losing their health insurance. In reality however, while these arguments may be acceptable in terms of monetary savings and mobility, other costs are heavier. Canada and Britain both have nationalized health insurance but with differences. Britain employs a ‘single-payer system’ and people are unable to avoid the system and use private insurers. The government covers all health care costs, with money coming from tax incomes. Patients are not required to pay for any services other than some small amounts towards optical and dental care and treatments bought on prescription. Most doctors and nurses are direct employees of the government and thus paid by the government (Tanner, 2008, p.31). Canada’s system is different to Britain’s in that responsibility is divided between ten provinces and two territories. In other words, the federal government and provinces cover all costs but medical staff are not direct employees of the government. Federal taxes pay for around sixteen percent of health care costs with the remainder covered by provincial taxes.

Clinical condition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Clinical condition - Essay Example It is worth noting that patients with this medical complication may also experience weight loss in spite of increased appetite and hair loss (Zaidi 89). Other symptoms of the disease can only be identified through physical examination of the patient by a medical practitioner. These include excessive lacrimation, premature ventricular expansions and contractions and rigid thyroid (MacLachlan, Sandra, & Basil 52). A clinical examination of a patient suffering from Graves’ disease may provide the following results; for instance, a Graves’ disease patient can be examined with rapid heartbeats, muscular weakness and protuberance of the eyes (either one or both eyes). Fatigue, increased appetite and weight loss are also other diagnostic results of Graves’ disease (MacLachlan, Sandra, & Basil 76). Medical practitioners have characterized Graves’ disease as a condition whose causes are not readily determined and have since concluded that there seems to be a genetic predisposition for the condition. This is an implication that some people are more likely to contract the disease as compared to others and this is as a result of their genetic inheritance. Nonetheless, a bacterium called Yersinia Enterocolitica has since been associated with the disease. Medical specialists have discovered that the bacterium contributes to the advance of thyroid autoimmunity; which is closely attributed to Graves’ disease (Zaidi 95). Treatment of Graves’ disease must be administered by a certified medical practitioner and includes the prescription of anti-thyroid drugs. This type of medication is known to limit the secretion of thyroid hormone. Medication is always given for between six months and two years. It is worth noting that the administration of these drugs into the human body have side effects of potentially grave reduction of the level of white blood cells (Zaidi 109). Zaidi,

Essay question-Non-violent Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Question-Non-violent - Essay Example On the other hand, revolutionaries such as Martin Luther King Jr., Dalai Lama and Mohandas Gandhi used non-violent means to include strikes, sit-ins and peaceful marches. Non-violent revolutions are normally characterized by the peaceful nature that they take rather than use of violence to get a reaction one expects. People who resolve to use this form of revolution often hope to set a better example to the future generations (Sharp, 2003, 183). If anything is to be determined from past revolution, one note that the society as a whole tends to benefit from non-violent revolutions than from violent revolutions. I do agree that non- violent revolutions work Non violence does not explicitly imply not partaking in violence; it can also be viewed as a way in which a person can use positive action as a way of resisting oppression and to bring about transformation in the community. Mahatma Gandhi once stated â€Å"The essence of non-violent technique is that it seeks to liquidate antagonisms but not the antagonists†. This can simply be interpreted to mean that non-violent revolutions aim to change the opponent’s point of view and win them over. It is a win-win situation. Revolutionists who use this method do so in inevitably they will be able to persuade their oppressors into seeing things from their perspective and that their point of view is right. Non violent participants do not seek out to harm their oppressors in any way. On the contrary, they are willing to suffer whatever it takes in order to bring about some form of change in the society. The reason as to why non-violence has such great fascination is because it removes the absurdity of trying to make the society more just and less violent place by using violence as a tool. If people are hoping to be a great leader, then it would be expected that they set the best

Payola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Payola - Essay Example Payola goes back to the 1920s and the days of vaudeville and continued through the 1940s with the big band era (Hornberger). Paying a station to play a record was legal as long as the disc jockey notified the listeners that the airtime was purchased. This was often overlooked for decades until the era of rock and roll. Up until 1950, the American Society of Composers Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) controlled nearly all the music in the dancehalls, hotels, radio, and theaters. Their offices were in New York City and the directors had total control of the content. They would not allow membership for 'black' or 'hillbilly' artists (DiMaggio 608). Several networks split from ASCAP due to their rates and racist policies and in 1939 they formed Broadcast Music Inc. (BMI). After World War II BMI set about signing the black and hillbilly artists that ASCAP had refused to work with. This core of musical outcasts would form the genesis of rock and roll. Teenagers were hungry for rock and the 45-RPM record made it accessible. By the early 1950s major BMI labels were turning out 100 new singles a week (Cartwright). DJs, suffocated with new recordings, would be paid by the record companies to promote a record. This was nothing new or unusual in the business.

Gothic Cathedral Essay Example for Free

Gothic Cathedral Essay Gothic architecture was developed from a Christian perspective, and therefore attained its most meaningful expression in churches. Clerics began to demand taller churches with more windows than had been present in the dark, but sturdy Romanesque churches. This desire was derived from new intellectual and spiritual concepts that took a more rational view of God, and saw God encompassed many things, such as light, reason and proportion. The Gothic church displayed a visual attempt to leave behind the mysterious world of the Romanesque, and create a setting that was drawn toward light and purity that could be an image of heaven. The middle class also had a great influence on the Gothic style as they desired churches that could reflect their economic power and social status. The most magnificent characteristics of Gothic style were the use of light and relationship between structure and appearance. Other defining characteristics were that the massive thickness of the walls from Romanesque architecture were replaced with membrane-thin frameworks used for enclosure which could support nothing but their own weight. Ribbed vaults were used to allow lighter materials to be placed between stone ribs, thus reducing weight. The weight of the walls and roof were no longer supported by columns, but by external flying buttresses. They also used pointed arches and slender columns to lift the ceiling, which created an overwhelming height. Wall paintings, which had been common in the Romanesque, were now replaced with beautiful and enormous stained glass windows that allowed more light into the structures, imbuing all with a sense of warmth and color. Chartres Cathedral-Interior Chartres CathedralInterior The cathedral at Chartres was built during the Gothic period, and it showed an ideal of harmony within its structure and contents. Work on the cathedral started in 1194, and was mostly completed in 1220. It emphasizes strong vertical lines in its structure. The stained glass windows that are used in this cathedral, (it has 176), are recognized as the finest example from the gothic style. Today, 94% of the stained glass is original, and it is the largest, most extensive collection of medieval glass in the world. Rose windows were used. The primary subject of the great roses is the Virgin and the Child. The rose windows created wholeness and completeness. Indeed, it  has a special relationship to the Virgin Mary in that it portrayed more realistic and humane qualities of the Virgin Mary. The cathedral reflects the strong influence that God held over the people at that time. It shows an expression of piety and local identity to those that were proud to live in the vicinity of the cathedral itself. It enhanced civic pride, and was the focus of the town itself.

Glow Essay Example for Free

Glow Essay Investigation of the effect of cold temperatures on the lasting time of glow sticks. Aim: to investigate whether freezing a glow stick will affect its longevity. Hypothesis: The glow sticks will last longer when they are frozen than when they are at room temperature. Background information: Glow sticks are made of hydrogen peroxide, a phenyl oxalate called ester, and phosphorescent dye. The ester and phosphorescent dye are kept in one part of the glow stick, the hydrogen peroxide in the other, separated by a piece of glass. No chemical reaction occurs until the glass breaks, combining the chemicals together inside the tube. Cooling a glow stick slows the reaction a slightly and causes it to last longer, but the light is dimmer. This can be demonstrated by freezing an activated glow stick. When it is reheated, it will begin to glow again. However, if the chemical reaction has already occurred and the glow stick has already gone out, freezing the glow stick will not cause it to begin glowing again. A high quality glow stick will last 8-12 hours, provided there is no otherwise interference. It will glow faintly for about one day after this time period is over, however the primary glow will have gone out. Other factors, such as the color of the glow stick (Green, yellow and orange are the brightest colors and therefore last the longest. ), the previous treatment of the glow sticks (Sometimes, a glow stick will have been accidently activated by being knocked over or bumped before the activator intends to, meaning that the chemical reaction may have already occurred by the time it is intended to be activated. ) and the amount of light they are exposed to and for how long. (Being hit with direct light damages the glow stick, lessening its longevity. )

Effects of Propaganda over Voting Behavior

Effects of Propaganda over Voting Behavior Dissertation Outline Abstract Chapter 1: Introduction The main purpose of this study is understanding the effect of propaganda over voting behaviour of Turkish University students. Thanks to this study we can see possible changes in Turkish Politics in terms of voting behavior. The research question is that how does propaganda affect voting behavior of students who study at Turkish Universities. I will apply experimental research method, because in experimental research we can see any changes effectively than other methods. Chapter 2: Review of the Literature I will look voting behavior and propaganda literature, thus I can measure changes of voting behavior and effects of propaganda over people’s decision. Chapter 3: Theoretical framework In this chapter I will talk about methodology of my study. I will explain every detail of my study in that part. Chapter 4: Results/ Findings In the 4th chapter I will share my results. I will give specific information about students reaction to propaganda and specific effects of these propaganda to voting behavior. Chapter 5: Discussion Conclusion Bibliography Appendix: There will be too much appendix in my study such as questions of tests, manifests of political parties and text of propaganda. Literature of Propaganda and Voting Behavior In this chapter, for understanding effectiveness of propaganda over voting behavior, we will look researches and studies which are related with voting behavior and propaganda. Evaluation of Propaganda French author Jean-Marie Domenach defines propaganda as â€Å"Propaganda is an attempt to influence the opinion and the conduct of a society in such a way that the people adopt a predetermined opinion and conduct.†[1](Domenach,1969: 7). In another article, John H. Burma defines propaganda as† For the purposes of this paper we shall consider propaganda as a systematic, planned attempt by an interested person or group to control the attitudes of persons or groups by means of suggestion, and consequently to control their actions.†[2](Burma,1939: 15). In another definition Garth S. Jovett and Victoria O’Donnel says that â€Å"Propaganda is a form of communication that attempts to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandis.†[3] Terence H. Qualter emphasized the necessity of audience adaptation: â€Å"Propaganda, to be effective, must be seen, remembered, understood, and acted upon. . . adapted to particular needs of the situati on and the audience to which it is aimed†[4] (Qualter, 1962) Propaganda actually started to use with the evolvement of organized society. This organized societies required leader or leaders for effective ruling, so leadership has important category in hierarchy of society. This importance of leaderships leads to competition among persons who want to be leader to society. In these competitions propaganda used often such as in ancient Egypt, in North America and Ancient Rome. However, propaganda is used firstly in 1622 by Papa XV as an organized structure. Gregory to publish Catholic Church’s views peacefully. Because, during this time there are religious wars started again, Papa knows that you cannot stop this conflict by using weapon or violent. There also occurred Protestant Reform Act, so Papa wanted to find solution by use peaceful ways to finish the conflict and prevent to growth of Protestant Church. Therefore he created â€Å"Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide†. This organization became official part of Catholic Church; t his organization was responsible from spread Catholic Church views by the way of propaganda. In the 19th century, with the improvement of nation states and occurrence of World War I and World War II provide huge area of usage for propaganda. After the Word War I, many people learned that what is propaganda and how politicians apply the propaganda. With the Great War propaganda completely settled to language literature. In the First World War, Allied Powers and Central Powers used propaganda for providing legitimacy and preparing people to war. According to Terence H. Qualter,† During World War I, propaganda used not only as a noun but also used as adjective and it refers to deception and lie for achieving a goal or act. This usage leads to psychological wars today.†[5] (Qualter H. 1962) During World War I, the United States produces a documentary series which name is â€Å"Why We Fight†. The basic aim of this documentary is preparing and providing high level psychological power among citizens and soldiers. Hovland who is documentary maker, tried to show of legitimacy of war. Domenach describes 4 rules for propaganda such as the rule of simplification and enemy, the rule of exaggeration and distortion, the rule of overall planning, the rule of transmission, the rule of unanimity and contagion. These rules are most important for successful propaganda, because successful propaganda needs good communication techniques. C. BaltacÄ ± and E. Eke support that political parties use propaganda by the way of 5 basic tools such as political campaign, gallup poll, canvass with face to face meeting, mass media and part meetings. C. BaltacÄ ± and E. Eke also advocate that political propagandas which is used by political parties, have important effect over citizens decision. Especially hesitant citizens are more affected than other citizens. Therefore, propaganda reduces uncertainty of voters about political decision. Tobias Ursprung emphasize that propagandas provide free information to voters, but this free information is complex, not includes cause and ef fect relationship, so citizens do not check this information because it requires too much effort and time. Therefore, validity of information is important for effect citizens’ decision ( Tobias Ursprung, 1992). Especially in election time, politicians frequently apply to propaganda, so politicians stack too much information to citizens. Citizens try to pass in brain filter to understand this information, but if the information is too complicated, citizens do not show extra effort for understand that information; because, there are too much information and citizens do not have enough time to justify all information. Therefore, propagandists do not give truth information to citizens every time. Joseph Goebbels who is minister of Reichs Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda during Nazi Government in 1933, says that â€Å"If you tell a lie big enough and keep it repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it.† There are two basic discussion over propaganda. The first one is education and propaganda relationship. There is too much commentary over this discussion. Terence H. Qualter criticized these commentaries and he created a new interpretation. Terence H. Qualter mentioned that if it is known that material is not truth but teaching the material is still continues with the aim of manipulation, this act called as propaganda. On the other hand if there is thought that this material is absolutely truth, this can be not only education but also be propaganda. Apart from reality, if aim of the act is to manipulate people’s decision and behavior for a specific goal, this situation also called as propaganda. In the standard of education, the important thing is reality and trueness of material. On the other hand in the standard of propaganda, the important thing is aim in the teaching. Another discussion topic in propaganda is deception. Terence H. Qualter advocates that propaganda and dece ption is not same thing. Propagandist of course use falsity terms, especially in pressure times they use falsity words than truth. However, the basic principle of propaganda is not say truth or lie. The basic principle of propaganda is being persuasive. Propagandist use not only falsity but also use truth for manipulate the target group. Therefore, it is biggest thought that propaganda and deception are similar. Basically, there are three conditions of lie like that material must be away from reality, it is know that this situation away from reality, and the main aim must be manipulation. However when these 3 conditions came together, understand to lie is very difficult in practice. Many times people cannot discriminate innocent lie and conscious lie. This uncertain situation occurred important result in World War II. During World War II English Air Force declared that 2.698 German Warcrafts are defeated by English Air Force. However, number of defeated warcraft in German Air Force was 1.733. In that situation English Air Force’s declaration is truth actually, but they did not calculate that some planes could reach to German Air Force Base and could repair in there. In that topic another point is that people must have information as soon as propagandist to understand propaganda (Qualter 1962) Every person cannot have information about everything, so it is difficult to understand that when there is an act, it is a kind of propaganda or not. Voting Behavior In the politics, analyzing voting behavior provides successful results in election for politicians. Therefore, politicians give importance to analyze voting behavior. As a result of these analyses, political parties determine their policies. In the literature, basic study of voting behavior is â€Å"The American Voter†. This study is prepared by Angus Campbell, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller and Donald E. Stokes at Survey Research Center , University of Michigan in 1960.Their main argument is funnel model. According to this model, citizens firstly learn their part ID from their parents and socialization. Citizens become dependents this party psychologically. Citizens’ partisanship shapes the development of citizens’ attitudes, because citizens like their party, they adopt its position. Socialization leads to partisanship and affect people’s voting behavior. Before this study, there was another study which is prepared by Columbia University and this study support that mass media do not directly influence voting behavior, mass media cannot shape people’s decision, it is only supply existence idea. After that study of Michigan University occurred and they supported political party ID . There are some supporters of the theory that the media have limited access to the decision-making process of voters claim four key reasons in â€Å"minimal effects model†. The first is that citizens are not sufficiently interested to take note of the media. The second reason is that conflicting messages cancel one another out. The third reason is that Citizens are selective, and they choose to receive only such information as reinforces their existing preferences. The last reason is that the messages which are absorbed are catalysed through individuals’ own interactions and communication.[6] Ahmet Taner KÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸lalÄ ± supports that â€Å"there are four determined elements of voting behavior such as; security, dignity request, emotional dependence and religious-political beliefs† (KÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸lalÄ ±, 1987). In that definition security is related with economy. Ahmet Taner KÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸lalÄ ± also mentioned that people who have low but stable economic revenue wants stability in economics and also politics. They do not prefer any risky situations, they prefer protect possessed economic value. On the other hand, some group of people who do not see respect in the society, feel lack of confidence against present government, so they prefer alteration and they give alternative parties. Emotional dependence refers to people can feel dependent himself to a leader or a political party, so they vote to this leaders or party even if policies of the political party or leaders are insufficient. Similarly, religion and political view also affect people’s voting decision. People feel dependence to religious and political view (KÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸lalÄ ±, 1987). According to Lipset and Lazarsfeld, if policy of government is related with interest of a social group, member of this social group became active in election, so participation to the election will increase. There is a pressure in society about political participation, in that society electoral participation also increases. However this situation can change according to relationship between individuals and group. Lipset and Lazasfeld also mentioned that there are some indicators which change side of vote. For example, with the transition from agricultural society to industrial society, aspects of class society become more effective rather than regional effects in voting decision. With the increase of social inequality, people’s participation to politics also increases. With the industrialization, welfare in society increased and people started to compare their welfare with other countries, in that situation if their states stay behind of other countries in terms of welfare, the re started infelicity. Apart from welfare, daily political events also affect citizen’s decision, especially irresolute citizens. For example, with the increase of violence acts in the country, hesitant citizens can vote to alternative parties. (LÄ ±pset and Lazarsfeld 1954:364) According to Rui Antunes , there three basic models of voting behavior such as social, psychosocial and rational choice. In the first model of voting behavior, Harrop and Miller advocate that social groups are more important than individuals in voting behavior. They refuse individualism which is supported by economic and psychological approach. Socialist approach says that people’s approaches and value system are important in voting behavior, so socio-economic status; geography and social groups become important elements in voting behavior. The basic subject of sociologist approach is not voter; their basic focus area is political parties and social groups (Harrop and Miller 1987: 157). The basic principle of groups is foundation of norms and punish to members who do not follow norms of the group. This situation leads to increase of political participation. In the psychological model of voting behavior, important thing is voter’s dependency to the political party like a supporter of a football team. The basic assumption of psychologist approach is that choices of voters based on power of psychological elements, under that psychological power, citizens transform to partisanship. â€Å"Partisanship is acquired through a socialization process, influenced by the values and attitudes of family, colleagues and peers† (Antunes, 2010). Partisanship is a genuine form of social identification in which â€Å"Citizens have an enduring sense of what sorts of people belong to various parties and whether they identify with these social groups† (Green, Palmquist, Schickler, 2002). The last approach over voting behavior is rational choose approach. This approach is firstly used by Antony Downs in his famous book â€Å"An economic theory of democracy†. In that approach self-interests are main focuses. When citizens vote, they consider their self-interest. This approach refuses emotional elements and dependency to a political party or leader, s ocial environment. In that approach, citizens evaluate past events and decisions rationally and they take decision according to result of this evaluation. Voters do not focus promises, they focus realistic results. Therefore, politicians cannot affect those citizens by the way of propaganda. Citizens think only maximization of profit and they give their decision in the light of this idea. (Antunes, 2010) Apart from these basic models there are also resonance model, this model support that persuasion to voters is acceptable, but political campaign work together with voters’ education and idea. New political campaigns merge with other older information, after that situation, voters can impressed or not from propaganda. The most important power among voters’ past information is political party ID. (Iyengar and Simon 2000:158) In voting behavior literature John E. Jackson has important study. His study based on reciprocal influences between part affiliations and part evaluations. He mentioned that† part identifications are highly influenced by people’s evaluations of what policies each party advocates relative to their own preferences and party affiliations have little direct influence on the voting decision except for people who see little or no difference† (Jackson, 1975). With the improvement of technology, internet also becomes important part of people’s life. Internet has led to a significant reduction in the cost of information. The possibility of distributing information at a low cost further increased the number of available sources of information. Thanks to internet, voters can reach the information easily and they can decrease effect of manipulation to minimum. W. Lance Bennet support importance of political image, he says that there are three elements in creating political image. The first element is preparing simple theme or message for voters. The other element is designing the messages more effective and attractive than other candidates. The last element is using all ways to reach voters (Bennet, 2000). Bruce Newman mentioned that for creating an image in voter’s brain, politicians emphasis that candidates personal qualities. There are a lot of factors which create political image. Generally political image of candidate includes honesty, reliability, specialty, and achievement and intelligence terms. All these terms are combined with body language, thus candidates try to change voters’ decision (Newman,1999). Schmitt-Beck and Farrell studied over political campaign and voting behavior and they support that political campaigns may be effective, but level of effectiveness can be changeable, so effect of campaign can change according to condition and situation. References BaltacÄ ±, Cemal Eke, Erdal â€Å"Siyasal Propaganda Araà §larÄ ±nÄ ±n Seà §men DavranÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ± ÃÅ"zerindeki Etkisine Yà ¶nelik Seà §men AlgÄ ±sÄ ±: Isparta Ãâ€"rnek OlayÄ ± â€Å",UluslararasÄ ± Alanya Ä °Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸letme Fakà ¼ltesi Dergisi, :2012, p115-126 Domenach, J M., â€Å"Politika ve Propaganda†, Çev.Tahsin Yà ¼cel, VarlÄ ±k YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, Ä °stanbul, 2003. Ursprung, Tobias,† The use and effect of political propaganda in democracies’†, Kiuwer Academic Publishers,1992, p 259-282 Burma, John H., â€Å"The General Theory of Propaganda†,1939,p15-19 Qualter, Terence H,†Propoganda Teorisi ve PropagandanÄ ±n GeliÃ…Å ¸imi† Çev.ÃÅ"nal Oksay,p 255-307 Antues, Rui,† Theoretical models of voting behavior†, Escola Superior de Educaà §Ãƒ £o Instituto Polità ©cnico de Coimbra,2010, p 145-170 Falck, Oliver Gold, Robert Heblich, Stephan,† E-lections: Voting Behavior and the Internet† American Economic Review, 2014, p 2238–2265 Kannan, Harini L.,2009,† Electoral Manipulations, Economic Policies and Voting Behavior in India† Bartels, Larry M., 2008,† The Study of Electoral Behavior† Visser, Max, 1996,† Voting: A Behavioral Analysis†, Behavior and Social Issues, Volume 6, No. 1, p 23-34 AydÄ ±n KÄ ±lÄ ±Ãƒ §, Esra, â€Å"Seà §menlerin Oy Verme DavranÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸larÄ ±nda Etkili olan Siyasal Faktà ¶rlere Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kin Bir araÃ…Å ¸tÄ ±rma: Ankara Ãâ€"rneÄÅ ¸i† 21.yà ¼zyÄ ±lda Sosyal Bilimler, sayÄ ±:2, p179-222 Karahan, Zeynep, â€Å"Yasal Ä °letiÃ…Å ¸im Yà ¶ntemlerinin Seà §men DavranÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±na Etkisi ve 22 Temmuz 2007 Seà §imleri†, Alotaibi, Nasser N.,2013, Media Effects on Voting Behavior, European Scientific Journal , vol.9, No.20,p 1-11 YÄ ±lmaz, Ayhan , â€Å"Seà §im Dà ¶nemlerinde Oy Verme DavranÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±nÄ ± ArtÄ ±rÄ ±cÄ ±Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ °litiÃ…Å ¸im KampanyalarÄ ±Ã¢â‚¬ ,p 395-420 Jovett, G. S. O’Donnel V., Propaganda Persuasion, 2011, 5th ed.,SAGE Publications Ãâ€"zkan, Abdullah,† Tà ¼rkiye’de Seà §menlerin Oy Verme DavranÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±nÄ ±n Siyasal Ä °letiÃ…Å ¸im Perspektifinden Ä °ncelenmesi† [1] Domenach, La propagande politique, 6th ed.,1969, p.7. [2] Burma, John H.,The General Theory of Propaganda, November 1939, p.15. [3] Jovett, G. S. O’Donnel V., Propaganda Persuasion, 2011, 5th ed.,SAGE Publications, p.1 [4] Jovett, G. S. O’Donnel V., Propaganda Persuasion, 2011, 5th ed.,SAGE Publications, p.6 [5] Qualter H. T., Propaganda Teorisi ve PropagandanÄ ±n GeliÃ…Å ¸imi, p.259, (Orginal work published 2011),Waterloo University [6] Alotaibi, Nasser N., Media Effects on Voting Behavior, European Scientific Journal, 2013 edition vol.9, No.20,p.7

Overcoming Communication Barriers between Genders Essay -- Gender Diffe

Roles of men and women Of the many changes which have taken place in American society since World War II, one of the greatest has been in the roles of men and women. Members of both genders have lived multiple roles in the past, but these were generally established ones, such as men being the wage earners and women the caregivers. Communication followed largely defined cultural and societal norms. Usually, nuances in speech and in body language could readily be interpreted. As Archie Bunker nostalgically sang in television’s "All in the Family," "... and you knew who you were then; girls were girls and men were men." Many of the roles have remained the same, but now they frequently are carried out by members of either gender. Women have careers in engineering or sports; a growing number of men have full-time care of home, children, and the disabled. Both men and women have a variety of jobs in the workplace and positions in the hierarchy of management. Communication between the genders has become more prevalent and pervasive in society, as norms have changed. When one adds the mobility of the American population and the differences among the cultures they represent, both the importance and difficulty of effective communication increases. Now medical and sociological researchers are offering aid, even across cultural lines, in gender communication. Communication differences Few Americans communicate with as many different types of individuals of both genders as U.S. Army chaplains and chaplain assistants as they interact with each other, and provide religious support to soldiers, family members, and other civilians — worldwide. Their roles and orientation to people often give them special insights in communication. The following observations, however, may also be helpful to both men and women. Men are widely observed to come quickly to the point they wish to make, while women tend to use more detail in leading up to the point. In communicating with women, men may become impatient as they search for the point, or lose interest. If they interrupt, women can be frustrated or offended. In talking with men, therefore, women can use two techniques to communicate more effectively. First, begin with the point, or "bottom line," if possible. Second, omit unnecessary detail. On the other hand, men can refrai... ...relate nonsense words, men used only the left sides of their brains; but after the majority of women processed the information on the left sides of their brains. They used the right side to relate additional examples. Might this difference have any bearing on the fact that women as a group usually include more detail in their speech? Conclusion Knowledge may continue to expand; many enigmas of speech and behavior may be solved. But good communication between individuals can continue to be based on the precept underlying all the examples described above. This precept, shared by the great religions of the world, is kindness: caring for each other. BIBLIOGRAPHY Glass, Lillian, "How to Communicate Better with the Opposite Sex," Bottom Line/Personal, August 15, 1996. _____, "Perspectives on Literacy, Gender, and Change," British Journal of Sociology of Education, Vol. 16, Issue 4, December 1995. Richardson, Susan, "S/HE Brains," Discover Magazine, June 1995. Margaret Robertson served as a program analyst in the Directorate of Combat Developments at the Chaplain School until her retirement in March 1997. Army Chaplaincy

Teachers Meeting The Challenges of Student Disabilities Essay -- Educa

In this chapter, we discussed the numerous challenges that teachers face while teaching students with different disabilities. It was found that barring a few teachers who had knowledge of the exact needs of these students, majority of the teachers deployed methods that they felt would assist learning for them. Modifications in teaching methods were undertaken based on the nature of the students’ disability and the demands of subject taught. In case of some government colleges, parents were reportedly assisting in the laboratory due the absence of support staff. In the case of students with visual impairments and/or learning disabilities, repetition was found to be the most favoured method to explain everything, from diagrams in economics to sociological concepts. However, implementation of this method was time-consuming. While, in general, students with disabilities were encouraged to seek help from the teachers beyond the class timing, it was observed that students with learning disabilities rarely did so, possibly due to the social stigma attached to their disability. With regard to teaching students with learning disabilities, it was found that a majority of teachers did not take any particular efforts towards addressing the needs of these students may be because their disabilities were hidden or invisible in nature. Contrast to the lack of information on how to cater to students with learning disabilities, a majority of the teachers were able to adjudge some measures as facilitating learning among students with visual impairments such as encourage students to sit in the front row, read aloud any text that was presented in visual format or making the study material available in soft copy. The onus, however, was on the stude... ...7–24. Reddy, Raghava C. 2011. ‘From Impairment to Disability and Beyond: Critical Explorations in Disability Studies’, Sociological Bulletin, 60 (2): 287–306. Sharma, Umesh, Dennis Moore and Sanjeev Sonawane. 2009. ‘Attitudes and Concerns of Pre-service Teachers regarding Inclusion of Students with Disabilities into Regular Schools in Pune, India’, Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 37 (3): 319–31. Singal, Nidhi. 2005. ‘Mapping the Field of Inclusive Education: A Review of the Indian Literature’, International Journal of Inclusive Education, 9 (4): 331–50. ––––. 2006. ‘Inclusive Education in India: International concept, national interpretation’, International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 53 (3): 351–69. ––––. 2010. ‘Doing Disability Research in a Southern Context: Challenges and Possibilities’, Disability & Society, 25 (4): 415–26.

The Indian and the White Communites in Dances with Wolves and Machimani

The Indian and the White Communites in Dances with Wolves and Machimanito The film Dances with Wolves shares a lot of its content with the story Machimanito. In Dances with Wolves, two nations come to interact with each other. While the white man is dominating the land, the Indians are trying to protect both their land and themselves. In Machimanito, the story describes the epidemic and its effects on the Indians, while describing the ongoing conflict between Indians and the white man. There is a huge cultural difference between the white man and the Indians, which is reflected on their ways of life and communities; each lives a different life style including their interaction with nature and themselves, their authority within this community and finally the resulting conflict the interactions of these two nations. John Dunbar makes contact with the Indians while being posted on the frontier. As his relationship develops with Kicking Bird and both gain each other’s trust, he becomes part of the Indian community; his final transition can be seen when he is known by the name Dances with Wolves. The differences between the white and the Indian community are shown to the viewer while Dunbar is exploring it and is becoming aware of the differences himself. Some of the differences are shown in the ways and objectives of hunting the buffalos. While the Indians use the buffalos for both food and use the skin for clothes, the white man hunts down buffalos for their skin and horns â€Å"killed only for their tongs and the price of their hides.† Dunbar says â€Å"One thing is clear however there is no buffalo and it weighs heavily on their minds.† This shows how important the buffalos are for the Indians, as their absence is a problem for thei... ...e and accurate approach of the Indians, where the reader can feel the story and the events as if he was Nanapush himself, as apposed to see and try to figure out the feelings like in Dances with Wolves. We can see that in both Machimanito and Dances with Wolves, there is a conflict between the white society and the Indian society. The white trespassing society intervenes with the traditions and customs of the Indians which causes a threat to their culture. Since the white man views the Indian community as being native and tries to educate it by colonizing and implementing their own ways. Both these literary pieces show this conflict and the effects of the colonization on the Indians. While Dunbar comes to the conclusion â€Å"Nothing I’ve been told about these people is correct. They are not beggar and thieves. They are not the bogie men they’ve been made out to be.†

Pow the Egg

A farmer is taking her eggs to the market in a cart, but she hits a Pothole, which knocks over all the containers of eggs. When she put the eggs in groups of two, three, four, five, and six there was one egg left over, but when she put them in groups of seven they ended up in complete groups with no eggs left over. Now she needs to know how many eggs she had and is there more than one possibility. The first thing I did was to read the pow aging on my own. I out when she put her eggs in groups of two there is one left over.The number cannot be a multiple of two. Also three four five and six can’t be a multiple of this number. If there were no eggs left over when put into groups of seven there must have been a multiple of 7 eggs. Now need to find multiples of seven. 7,14,21,28,35,42,49,56,63,70,77, 84,91,98, 105,112,119,126,133,140,147 ,154,161,168,175,1 82 ,189,196 ,203 ,210, 217, 224, 231 ,238, 245, 252 ,259, 266, 273, 280,287,294,301 Then you cross out all the numbers that ar e divisible by 2,3,4,5, and 6.So I got161 and 301 as the numbers that cannot be multiples 2, 3,4,5,6. | 3 * 4 * 7 = 8449 + 84 = 133. No good. 133 is not good because it is not a multiple of 7133 + 84 = 217. No good. 217 because it is not a multiple of 7217 + 84 = 301. Good| | | I got 301 because you get a remainder of 1 for the numbers: 2,3,4,5 and 6. So the smallest number of eggs is 301. But there is other solution. But usually what you're looking for is the smallest solution, so 301 is probably the answer you want.One day a boy was going to the basketball court he had six sets of balls. When he was getting there he trip on a rock letting all the ball falling out the net. Now he needs to found out how many balls were in the nets. He know when he put the balls in groups two, three, four, five and six three was one ball left over, but when she put them in group of seven they end up a complete groups with no eggs left over. This problem was ok but kind of hard. If I got more help on it maybe I would have got a more understanding of the problem

Selena Quintanilla a Gifted Icon

When I was a little girl, I was a big fan of Selena Quintanilla. I had all her music, disks and posters all over my room. My dream was to meet her in person and it came true when I assisted one of her concerts. I knew everything about her even though I was 4 years old. She was a role model for me, she was family oriented and she is still today living in my memory. I memorized every song of hers word by word, and I would imitate her dancing all day long. As a little girl I could not understand why someone would have wanted to take her life away when she was a good person. Selena Quintanilla is considered to be one of the most popular and influential Hispanic music icons of all times because of her history, culture, and all the people she influenced with her charisma. Selena Quintanilla in her early years was a girl who had the spirit to believe in a dream, blessed by being born in a musical family. Quintanilla was a Mexican-American singer born in Lake Jackson, Texas, where her musical career began. Her father Abraham Quintanilla was the greatest influence and inspiration in her music career (). Mr. Quintanilla stimulated the musical talents in all his children, teaching them to play instruments and sing in Spanish. Selena Quintanilla made her first performance at the age of 8 in the year of 1980 at her father’s Mexican restaurant (PapaGayo), and recorded her first record at 9(). Through her adolescence years she was mostly on the tour bus â€Å"Big Bertha†. Everything was not a bed of roses, her education was probably the hardest she ha d to accomplished. Her father made her dropped from regular school education permanently when she was in 8th grade. His major concern was to give her the opportunity to concentrate and devote more time to music. Selena Quintanilla in order to perform the music with her family on long trips crossing the states was forced by the nature of the music venture to complete her high school diploma through the American School in Chicago, Illinois by mail(encyclopedia supplement/library vcc)and this was the way she earned her general education diploma(GED) in 1989. She enrolled at Pacific Western University as a correspondence student taking business classes(contemporary/vcc library). Quintanilla had a love life like any other girl. The singer fell deeply in love with guitarist Chris Perez. This relationship led the singer to a very troubled life and finally her family accepted him because they realized he made her happy. The Queen of Tejano music, Selena Quintanilla had multiple talents. Since the age of 8 she was a vivacious entertainer. Her passion for music took her to the stage of being one of the most recognized Latino singers in the United States. Her ability to sing in a sexy and charismatic way made her an idol of the American and Latin markets. Throughout her short life filled with success Quintanilla was a singer, song writer, record producer, and to add to those multiple talents she also dabbled in acting, making a cameo in a romantic comedy in the Johnny Deep Film ‘Don Juan de Marco’. She also danced at the stage making her performance more appealing to the audience. Included among other qualities she enjoyed to design her own clothes. Her unique way of designing her own bustier earned her the nickname of â€Å"The Mexican Madonna†(BD). Among her career successes as a singer vocalist it is obvious why she got so famous, she was hooked on music and her passion for it brought her success, music was in her heart. In 1982 the family band moves to Corpus Christi, Texas and the Tejano music flourishes making Quintanilla a Tejano music star. Her first album was â€Å"Ya Se Va†; the second album was â€Å"The New Girl in Town† in 1985; â€Å"Alpha† and â€Å"Munequito Ea Trapo† in 1986. Also in 1986 Quintanilla was discovered by two huge names in the tejano music industry, Rick Trevi, founder of The Tejano Music Award, and Johnny Canales, the host of one of the top Spanish television shows. She won the tejano music award for â€Å"female entertainer of the year† in year of 1987, and in the same year the â€Å"female vocalist of the year† and â€Å"performer of the year† honors at the annual Tejano music awards. Other awards follow, in the late 1980’s Quintanilla’s was known as â€Å"La Reina de la Honda Tejana† (â€Å"The Queen of Tejano Music†). Her popularity attracted her with annual awards and a contract EME Latin Records in 1989. The band attracted 11,041 people, more than Clint Black, George Straight, Vince Gil and Reba McIntyre. All of Quintanilla’s efforts pay of quickly. Her band reaches their popularity to the highest peak in 1993 with â€Å"Entre a mi Mundo† making Quintanilla the first tejana to sell more than 300,000 albums. In 1993 she signed with SBK Records to produce an all-English album, and eventually replaced with the bilingual â€Å"Dreaming of You†. The record â€Å"Dreaming of You† sold 175,000 copies on its first day of release, making its debut number one on billboard magazine pop chart. Also in 1993 Selena Live received a Grammy Award for best Mexican album (notable Hispanic American women). The song â€Å"Fotos y Recuerdos† reached the top ten on Billboard magazine’s Latino charts. By 1995, â€Å"Bidi Bidi Bon Bon† won the singer a song of the year award at The Tejano Music Award, making her the winner of an additional 5 more awards, including â€Å"Female Entertainer†, â€Å"best female vocalist†, album of the year, record of the year, and tejano crossover song. Quintanilla quoted, â€Å"Never in my dreams would I have thought I would become this big. I am still freaking out. †(notable Hispanic, 5) She was recipient for ten consecutive years of the â€Å"Best Vocalist† award. Quintanilla becomes a millionaire By the year of 1995 Selena Quintanilla had become an icon in the Hispanic community, a beloved figure to whom Mexican-Americans attached their aspirations and their feelings about their cultural identities. Her music crossed cultural boundaries touching the lives of young and old. She will be remembered in the years to come by her fans for her kindness, her positive attitude and the wonderful music she made. The American and Spanish speaking Western Hemisphere markets had been influenced by Quintanilla’s music were she took the Tejano music into new stylistic realms. Her death has perpetuated and immortalized her image for future generations. The queen of tejano will live forever in the people’s heart(SME). Quintanilla’s death shocked Latinos and non-Latin across the United States. She was cried by thousands of fans who rendered the ‘Queen of Tejano music’ the last goodbye in the Friday she died; this day will always be known as black Friday, March 31, 1995 (IP). Her body was displayed at the Bayfront Plaza in Corpus Christi. Two weeks after her death Governor George W. Bush declared Selena’s Day in Texas(biography based ). The violent death of Selena by Yolanda Saldivar, her fan club president, compares to the grief to the one experience by American people after the death of such major cultural figure as President John F. Kennedy. Quintanilla became immortalized after her death. In conclusion, Quintanilla influenced millions of people around her from young to old, including g me. Everyone has been able to know Quintanilla’s history and appreciate what she was as a person to her people. I understand what her family went through at the time of losing their Selena. I also recognize that as a human being she was like any other person with troubles and economic problems. I can related to her as a person now that I have learned as about her as a cultural icon. Sometimes we just have to go with the short but successful happy life.

Beloved Duncan Murdered Essay

The flow of blood stopped and History recorded a tragic death. King Duncan over the past ten years has proved to be the most trusted noble. He is a good and Godly man, friend to the poor and defender of the downtrodden, but unfortunately he is no more with the people of Scotland. On the grim evening of November 10th, the great King Duncan of Scotland was murdered in his chamber. According to the porter, King Duncan was paying a visit to the castle of his Thane, Lord Macbeth, during the time of his death. The porter further mentioned that Lord Macbeth had arranged a grand feast for the king and his sons during their visit to Macbeth’s castle in celebration of Macbeth’s new titles. After the feast, drunken guests resided to their correct chamber and no disturbances were recorded throughout the night until the following morning when the King was found lying dead in his bed with multiple stab wounds to the chest. The main suspects of this unexpected murder include the King’s two sons as well as his guards. The guards were found the next morning with the murder weapons, along with blood smeared all up and down their body. However, Duncan’s sons fled the scene and are also suspected for the murder of their father. In an interview with Lord Macbeth he stated, early in the morning, two noblemen, Macduff and Lennox were called to the castle to visit King Duncan, but when they entered their king’s chamber they exclaimed â€Å"o horror, horror, horror!† Macbeth also stated, â€Å"before the investigators could examine the scene, the chamberlains were killed as a punishment for committing this gruesome deed.† Macbeth was very upset throughout the duration of the interview. He expressed his distress and great loss by showing his love and affection for the King and said he will do everything in his power to find the killer and punish him. An interview with two Scottish nobleman was also held follow the murder of King Duncan. During his interview, Lennox commented on what a terrible  night it had been. He said the wind had blown chimneys down and described how it howled so terribly, but unfortunately refrained from further questioning about the murder to uphold the family’s wishes for privacy. Macduff however agreed to answer more questions. Macduff stated during his interview, â€Å"It is speculated that the king’s sons had bribed the guards to kill Duncan because the crown passes to the nearest eligible kin.† After hearing the news of their father’s murder, King Duncan’s son’s, Malcolm and Donalbain, fearing their lives, fled Scotland. It appears to the people of Scotland that the son’s hasty departure makes them prime suspects of the crime. King Duncan’s body was removed from Macbeth’s chamber in order for burial preparations. The King’s remains will be buried in the king’s burial grounds in Scotland. Once news of the murder was released to the public, the people of Scotland began mourning for their beloved king and immediately began focusing all efforts on uncovering who committed this foul deed. Unfortunately, this tragic murder remains unsolved. Investigations will continue until this mystery is solved. Townspeople are encouraged to come forward with any and all information that may lead to solving of this crime.

Summary of the “Bigger Piece of the Pie”

The number of all hospitals in the country is declining.   Since 1975, there was a 1/6 less on the total number of hospitals.   Investor owned facilities is currently on the rise.From the year 1993 it started to spring high until 1997 and then there was an incremental decrease afterwards but it continues to rise up to the year 2003.   By the end of 2003, investor-owned hospital comprised 16% of the nation’s community hospitals.   Public hospitals are also diminishing in numbers as well as the not- for profits which decline more than 10 %.It is a continued long term decline that was neutralized by the 2002 figure wherein there was a slight increment.   According to observers it will likely to remain stable in the next coning years or will decline slightly.   This can be explained by the infeasibility of small hospitals commented by the professor and director of the health policy and administrative division for the School of Public Health at the University of Illinoi s Chicago.   More patients prefer to go to large hospitals which were of their driving distance.   Conversion of not-for profit hospitals to for-profit hospital is also outpacing.The biggest factors remains a access to capital-investor-owned chains have it, while access is much more varied for not for profit systems.   Many of the broad measures of credit quality, such as annual median figures for profitability and debt coverage but the prosperity is not uniform throughout the sector even if many are performing better.  Ã‚   Investor owned hospitals are squeezed with bad debt expense but they were able to attract equity and debt capital.   Private firms were attracted in order to recapitalize the companies.   Hospitals are also in mess regarding reimbursement of high commercial insurance companies.Due to the high rates of the hospitals, the insurers were prompted to push for a double digit percentage increase premiums for employers.   Facing a fourth year of double-dig it premium hikes, companies have been getting tough this year, pushing a lot more of those costs back onto their employees in the form of higher co-payments and other cost-sharing arrangements.Recognizing the limitations of those tactics, the survey found employers looking to longer-term solutions and possible government intervention to head off the unrelenting increases.   If this continues, employers may drop coverage and push more of their costs to employees, thus making an even more bad debt for the hospitals.However, if they decide to lower the premium increase, they would not be able to boost the reimbursements the way the hospitals are used to.   Meanwhile, the pressure is now building up for not for profit hospitals regarding charity care.   It is an emerging issue whether or not the not-for-profit hospitals exert pressure on for-profit hospitals to provide charity care and whether for-profit hospitals react differently than not-for-profit hospitals to managed care pre ssures and hospital competition in providing charity care.Nowadays, a mixed ownership markets, for-profit hospitals provide significantly less charity care as not-for-profit hospitals in the market provide more. Unexpectedly, for-profit hospitals were not more influenced by price competition than other hospitals with respect to charity care. Having a unique role in providing charity care may justify continuing tax exemption for not-for-profit hospitals and enhance interest in payment and other policies with regard to conversions to ensure that not-for-profit hospitals continue to be represented in market areas.I think the effect of these increases reflected our today economic climate.   As for the charity care of the not-for-profit hospitals, I wonder if it’s their way of breaking tax and being exempted in paying a large amount.   A report by the Internal Revenue Service in July found that not-for-profit hospitals nationwide vary widely in how they report and define their community services.   I believe that the lack of consistency and uniformity makes it difficult to assess the hospitals compliance with the current law.   I think, the changes brought by the IRS would make it easier to compare hospitals and also would help ensure greater accountability.ReferencesCrenshaw, A. (2004).   Health Insurance Costs Keep Rising.   Retrieved on February 29, 2008 from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8287-2004Sep9.html  

Public police system Essay

Science is derived from the Latin word scientia, which denotes, â€Å"knowledge† and it refers to any methodical knowledge-base or standpoint practice which is competent in ensuing in a forecast or predictable result. In its more ordinary limited sense, science refers to a method of obtaining facts based on a scientific technique. On the other hand, Art is the product or procedure of intentionally arranging components in a manner that appeals to the feelings or senses. It encompasses a variety of human activities, formations, as well as forms of expression, comprising literature and music. The denotation of art is examined within a branch of philosophy identified as aesthetics. The public police system is said to favor the science over the art due to a number of reasons: (Poulin, K. C & Nemeth, C, 2005) To start with, the public police system favors the science over the art because of the connection between art and the police. Art is inexorably understood as culture, which is a reflection of Trocki’s syntagm â€Å"when I hear the word culture, I reach for my gun. † The connection between the police and art explicitly discloses that the discourse of art is at all times understood as a sort of a joke in relation to the policeman. Here, the discourse of art is simply the one that relates to as well as mirrors the structure of power, represented and instituted by the policeman himself. (Poulin, K. C & Nemeth, C, 2005, p. 278) Secondly, the police favors the science given that science and technology play a crucial function in contemporary policing. For instance, police make use of forensic science to determine crime more effectively, forgive those who are not guilty as well as convict lawbreakers. Hi-tech information as well as communication systems makes it possible for officers to spent extra time connect with citizens and less moments engrossed with paperwork. In addition, the police favor the science because technology and cutting-edge science are employed in activities of terrorism and organized crime given that the police have to stay one step in front. (Poulin, K. C & Nemeth, C, 2005) Finally, the police use science and technology to fight crime by relying on a progressively more wide variety of sophisticated communications and information technology, other technologies as well as forensic science to serve the community. Some of the important technological and scientific tools that constitute police system’s backbone include: the Police National Computer (PNC), the national fingerprint and DNA database, the Road traffic law enforcement technology as well as the Science and technology in the police force: the future. (Poulin, K. C & Nemeth, C, 2005) Poulin, K. C & Nemeth, Charles P. (2005) Private Security and Public Safety: A Community-Based Approach, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc†¦ ISBN 0131123742, 9780131123748

Inflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inflation - Essay Example There have been cases around the globe known as hyperinflation. Though there is no official definition for it, it is generally accepted as a 50% annual inflation rate. Ecuador suffered through a 96% inflation rate in 2000 ("Background Note: Ecuador"). This was caused by a weak economy, massive debt from El Nino in 1998, and a floating currency. The president was ousted in Jan. 2000 and caused a 75% spike in a one-month period. The new government restructured the debt, privatized state owned industries, and tied the currency to the US dollar. The following years saw lower rates and it had dropped to 1.9% in 2004 ("Background Note: Ecuador"). The war and economic hardships in the former Yugoslavia resulted in inflation rates in the period 1971-91 of 69 percent, with hyperinflation of more than 50 percent per month in 1989 (Hanke). According to experts, Slobodan Milosevic triggered the hyperinflation by granting $1.8 billion in unauthorized credits to Serbian-owned enterprises (Hanke). It was only brought under control when the war ended and a new government was installed. Though the UAE and Dubai have not seen these rates of inflation, it has been on the rise in recent years. It was 2.8% in 2002 and is estimated to hit 20% in 2006. That was up from 10.5% in 2005 ("United Arab Emirates"). The rate was 3.2% and 4.6% in 2003-2004.

Current event analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Current event analysis - Essay Example The article argues that the study is highly significant as the prevalence of alcoholism and depression is frequently interrelated, and no substantial treatments have yet been designed to specifically address this diagnosis. The study was conducted by Helen Pettinati Ph.D. and her associates at the University of Pennsylvania. In addition to receiving the medical treatments, the patients underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy. Over a fourteen week period, one-hundred seventy people were tested, using four treatment groups. All four treatment groups demonstrated improvements. While all four groups demonstrated improvements, the group that received the combined treatment demonstrated the highest rate of abstinence and also had the longest intervals in between drinking. The difference in intervals was extreme, with the average interval for patients with the combined drug 61 days; while the other groups combined was 15 days. While the article states that the combined treatment was most effective in reducing adverse side effects (namely hospitalization for rehabilitation), it neglects to mention if there were new side effects from the combination of the drugs. It also doesn’t neglect if research is looking into a hybrid drug that would function to treat alcoholism and depression

Palliative Care for Urinary Tract Infections in Elderly Patients Essay

Palliative Care for Urinary Tract Infections in Elderly Patients - Essay Example By an extension, the principles of a model of medical reflection also provide a cyclical model which will enable me to reflect upon this problem and subsequently examine my nursing practice as a founding point for further development and improvement in the nursing profession. Description In this paper I will be reflecting on an experience with a patient who was suffering from urinary tract infection, dehydration and dementia, whom I encountered during my community placement. This patient was suffering from Urinary tract infection and dehydration and had been transferred to the ward from Emergency Medical Unit (EMU). The patient was also suffering from dementia and during the handover it was mentioned that she could be both verbally and physically aggressive. It was also handed over that she had intravenous (IV) fluids prescribed and needed a cannula insertion as she had removed the one previously in place. This involved a patient who will be referred to as Mrs P, in order to maintain confidentiality and anonymity (NMC 2008). Mrs P was an elderly 79-year old woman who was suffering from dehydration and urinary tract infection. Mrs P had also been diagnosed with dementia, and was reported as being aggressive both physically and verbally. Feelings Initially when we opted to insert the cannula into the patient initially she agreed to our intentions only to turn aggressive and unmanageable, later my mentor advised the matron to insert the cannula, which she did though without the patient’s consent, as the patient shouted and almost made the whole process impossible. I was disturbed by these two related events, first, the patient’s aggressiveness and two, our forceful way to inserting the cannula into the patient. Thus these situations brought in me a need to find out more about the patient and their condition, and the consequences of the matron’s decision. When I met the patient I felt sympathetic towards her and her insistence to refusing the c annula insertion given her general condition. A mixture of thoughts crossed my mind, although I could understand why she did not want to undergo the process, but this thought was not conclusive for me as a medical student. On reflection it seemed a positive experience as it allowed me to see how people cope differently with medical conditions, and the impact it has on the patient and the entire therapeutic process. Evaluation During this experience I thought that the nursing team had built a good professional relationship with the patient and therapeutic process. The patient had plenty of time to discuss any concerns or issues that she had and any of her reasons for refusal the cannula insertion. In my mind, I had theorized that the issues that had been discussed or ought to be discussed included issues such as symptom management; how the patient is feeling is important and needs to be taken into consideration. This would also need to be discussed with her partner alone, to find out how she is feeling and to find the best medical alternative for her treatment. This is why the Visual Analogue Scale could have been helpful for monitoring the progression of the patient’s condition (Crichton 2001). Since I have used the tool before, I find it to be beneficial for effective monitoring of patient’s condition because it was a good indicator as to when we would need to adjust her analgesia using the World Health Organization (WHO)Â  analgesic ladder (WHO, 2005).

Supply, Demand, & Equilibrium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supply, Demand, & Equilibrium - Essay Example In the first case, it will look at farmers, factory workers, engineers, and teachers. It should be noted that these occupations have generally unlimited supply meaning a lot of people can be employed in these jobs. In the United States alone, factory workers and engineers abound looking for a job. Thus, we can see an upward sloping curve where more workers will be willing to work for a higher income. The demand on the other hand is more or less horizontal as the job market generally has limited slots for teachers, factory workers, engineers, and farmers. The, intersection of demand and supply determines the average wage. It should be noted that this is often fixed and is determined by the demand curve. The workers under consideration often accept what is offered by the companies which hire them. The market of professional sports players are also competitive yet faces a far different situation than what is discussed above. It should be noted that as opposed to the market of typical players, professional sports players supply is limited because their career is often determined by their skills and abilities together with the reception of audiences to them. The length and intensity of training required for a professional player is far from what is undergone by an ordinary farmer or factory worker. It should be noted that the supply curve of professional players is upward sloping yet more leftward than the case of farmer, teachers, engineers, and factory workers as these players require more compensation for their trainings and performance. In the market of professional players, some players are even paid higher than the others. Look at the case of Michael Jordan compared to other basketball players. It is irrefutable that he is paid more than four times what is being paid the a verage player in NBA. In his case, the supply curve is vertical because there is only one Michael Jordan. Because his reservation wage is

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 19

Marketing - Essay Example The conclusion the authors draws through this article is that, all the contemporary organizations need to set their organizational culture and thereby define their corporate identity. This process will result in creating an optimal bridge between the internal working environment of the organization and the external environment like the marketplace and other relevant environments. So, by analyzing the authors’ perspectives about organizational culture, this synopsis will discuss the importance of common and workable organizational culture, for the effective functioning of organizations. Organization is a ‘structure’, in which ‘collage’ of workers will do their allocated work under the supervision of a leader. This team of workers like the five different fingers in one’s hand will be different from one another having different characters, attitudes, education, background etc, etc†¦and the unison of these different humans under a single organization to reach a target is, and will always be a difficult proposition. As these different humans could create a different organizational culture, the success rate will be minimal. But, according to the authors, if a perfect, feasible and importantly common organizational or working culture is ‘operationalised’, through out the organization, the organization will be a success story. And, the ‘script’ for this success story can only be scripted, by an effective leader or a manager. The statements and actions of the managers simultaneously affect the image and identi ty of the organization (Hatch & Schultz, 1997). One of the important first tasks of a leader in an organization (both in a new organization and in an existing organization) is the creation of a Culture. The authors Hatch and Schultz, points out that the creation of an organizational culture is a complex process in which the organisations’ personalities, identities and images should play a major role

Price of Hawaiian Punch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Price of Hawaiian Punch - Essay Example Sales oriented objectives are setup when marketers plan to target Bottom of the Pyramid segment, where playing on margins is very difficult, since the disposable income is minimal. In the given situation, Hawaiian Punch has placed its product at such a price point that it has allowed companies to play on margins as well as volumes, and giving tough competition to Nestle (Buy The Case: Hawaiian Punch Lemon Berry Squeeze 2012). Markups are a major issue when it comes to distribution of products. Numeric Spread and Weighted Spread of a firm’s products depends on the distribution markup costs that a particular company faces. Retailer margins add to the costs that the company incurs. The sole purpose of every company or MNC in the market is profit maximization. In today’s highly competitive market where national and regional markets have integrated to form one common globalized arena, marketers have a tough job to come up with ideas and innovations which bring us to the idea of increasing the ‘size of pie’ strategy. Today consumers are highly aware of their needs and want about the latest technology about what suits them, who is offering what to them, and at what prices is the desired product offered. Customers today are well connected and up to date to such an extent that they can and do access any supplier in case of MNC’s and any producer in case of individual customers, w ho offer them premium quality products at affordable prices. This easy access to premium products all around the world has back fired in some cases. For example now companies face such immense competition coming from all around the globe that they have to create discounts, personalized pricing, negotiable pricing strategies and psychological pricing to generate instant sales and ensure market share growth. In case of discounts, companies plan to