Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay

Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay Social Work is at an important stage in its development as a profession not only in the United Kingdom but around the world. All professions must be responsive and proactive to changing social and economic climates and conditions if they are to meet the needs of the people they are serving. It is essential for Social Workers to be able to practise in accordance with social work values and to retain a clear professional identity, and at the same time to be able to work effectively with other professional groups and agencies. Although there are many terms used to describe working together with other professions such as joint working, inter-professional working, multi-disciplinary working and inter-agency working the term currently used by the Department of Health publications is collaborative practice (Whittington 2003b). New ways of working that crossed professional boundaries had to be created, in order to allow a more flexible approach to care delivery (Malin et al, 2002). Collaboration in health and social care is a relatively new field of study, with the first major studies being undertaken in the 1980s (Roy, 2001). In health and social care collaborative working is often referred to as Inter-professional working, as it is not just about professionals working together. The patients, clients or service users are a central part of the team. At its simplest the concept of collaboration infers that people from different professional and academic backgrounds form a working relationship for the purpose of enhanced service provision. However, the exact nature of the partnership is likely to be contested, whilst fully integrated joined-up collaborative practice has so far proved elusive. Effective communication is an essential component of the traditional social work roles and responsibilities. It is therefore equally necessary for social workers to also have effective communication skills if they are to promote self-help and empowerment to those whom they are providing a service for. Lishman (1994) reminds us that care managers and providers will have to use a range of communication and interpersonal skills if community care is really to mean care, choice and empowerment of others. Collaborative working implies: conscious interaction between the parties to achieve a common goal (Meads Ashcroft, 2005). It recognises both difference similarity. Collaboration is a process by which members of different disciplines share their skills and expertise to provide a better quality service to patients, clients or service users (Hughes, Hemingway Smith, 2005). The sharing of information means both getting information and giving it. The act of gaining information in Social Work is an essential task the information gained can be used for numerous purposes such as: Making an assessment of need or risk Writing a report Planning an intervention To justify obtaining resource The something or benefit is sometimes called collaborative advantage, and it can be seen as the fuel of collaborative working the greater the potential or actual advantage gained by all parties, the greater the levels of energy fuelling the collaboration. According to Wilson (2008) and Hughes, Hemmingway Smith (2005) inter-professional and collaborative working means considering the service user in a holistic way, and it benefits the service user when different organisations, such as Social Workers, District Nurses, Occupational Therapists and other health professionals come together to provide a better service. These definitions describe collaborative working as the act of people working together toward common goals. Integrated working involves putting the service user at the center of decision making to meet their needs and improve their lives (Dept. Health, 2009). Effective collaboration and interaction will have positive outcomes within a working environment for both the teams working together and the service user. Agencies should be encouraged to share information to ensure that all needs of the service users are met but also to ensure the safety of the service user and the other teams involved. Caring for People (Dept. Health, 1989) stated that successful collaboration required a clear, mutual understanding by every agency of each others responsibilities and powers, in order to make plain how and with whom collaboration should be secured. The government has been promoting inter-agency and collaborative working since the late 80s which also saw a change in the policies set forth by the governments and a legislative backdrop was created to promote self-collaboration between companies. The stated aim has been to create high quality, needs-led, co-ordinated services that maximised choice for the service user. (Payne, 1995). Recent events and media outcries have focused collaborative working solely on Social Work as stated in Pollard, Sellman Senior (2005) and when viewed as a good thing, it is worthwhile to critically examine its benefits and drawbacks. (Leathard, 2003). The old government set forth plans to modernize the Social Services as well as update the NHS. A clear indication of this can be found in NHS Plan (Dept. Health, 2000) and Modernizing the Social Services (Dept. Health, 1998a). This was not in fact a new plan it was part of a growing emphasis stemming from the 1970s. The death of Maria Coldwell in 1974 meant there were questions asked why professionals were not able to protect children who they had identified as most at risk. The Cleveland Inquiry 1988 resulted in the direct opposite of 1974 when the methods of the Social Services were deemed too strict and over powering, it was deemed that children were removed from their families when there was little concrete evidence of harm or abuse (Butler-Sloss, 1988), with too much emphasis put on the medical opinion. The old government set forth plans to modernize the Social Services as well as update the NHS. A clear indication of this can be found in NHS Plan (Dept. Health, 2000) and Modernizing the Social Services (Dept. Health, 1998a). This was not in fact a new plan it was part of a growing emphasis stemming from the 1970s. The death of Maria Coldwell in 1974 meant there were questions asked why professionals were not able to protect children who they had identified as most at risk. The Cleveland Inquiry 1988 resulted in the direct opposite of 1974 when the methods of the Social Services were deemed too strict and over powering, it was deemed that children were removed from their families when there was little concrete evidence of harm or abuse (Butler-Sloss, 1988), with too much emphasis put on the medical opinion. The Munro Report (2010) stated that other service agencies cannot and should not replace Social Workers, but there is a requirement for agencies to engage professionally about children, young people and families on their caseloads. The Childrens Act 2004 was introduced after the public inquiry into the death of Victoria Climbià © in 2000; the same public inquiry also resulted in the Every Child Matters movement. The failure to collaborate effectively was highlighted as one of many missed opportunities by the inquiry into the tragic death of Victoria Climbià © (Laming, 2003) and Baby Peter (Munro, 2010). Expressing what you all want to achieve in clear, outcomes-oriented language, and being able to continually recheck those outcomes as your work together proceeds, is the single most important key to successful collaboration. However, it is actually quite difficult to express outcomes in ways that are unambiguous and clearly understood by all of the potential or actual collaborators. The quality of communication is vital. Poor communication is often behind many of the disputes that threaten to stall collaborative working relationships. Clear lines of communication need to be established across the institutions that make up a consortium to ensure everyone is aware of and is able to carry out the accepted policies and procedures. Accountabilities, in particular, should be well defined. Participation and involvement of service user is also critical in the Social Work field. This after all is the main beneficiary of the collaborative working scheme and your goal as a Social Worker is to meet their needs and goals. If you show the service user respect they too will give you a mutual respect which will allow the Social Workers and other elements of the collaborative team to achieve their common goals. However beneficiaries do not have to be aware that an activity is being delivered in partnership for the partnership to be successful. Regular reviews and users feedback can help measure its impact. Collaborative advantage will be achieved when something unusually creative is produced perhaps an objective is met that no organisation could have produced on its own and when each organisation, through collaboration, is able to achieve its own objectives better than it could alone. (Huxham, 1996). Huxham was showing that collaboration will work when it is done properly, and when we as Social Workers put aside any prejudices that are under lying in our working mentality and also our personal mentality, we will work well with other fields and practices to form a more efficient and organised service. By learning with, from and about one another practitioners can understand respective roles and responsibilities, generate mutual trust, strengthen relationships and improve collaborative practice (Barr et al 2005). To summarise and conclude the development of collaborative working will undoubtedly require a change in culture and values amongst health and social care professionals; however it is working and developing quickly and for the better of not just the collaborating agencies but also for the service users.

DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services (No. 87-154)

DeShaney v. Winnebago County was a landmark Supreme Court Case which was ruled on in February, 1989. The case revolved around Joshua DeShaney, a child who who was reportedly abused by his father, Randy DeShaney. In 1980, Joshua's parents divorced and his father won full custody. In 1983, Joshua was hospitalized for suspected abuse by his father. Winnebago County Department of Social Services got involved and four year old Joshua DeShaney was kept in the hospital's custody for three days. However, â€Å"On the recommendation of a 'child protection team,' consisting of a pediatrician, a psychologist, a police detective, the county's lawyer, several DSS caseworkers, and various hospital personnel, the juvenile court dismissed the case and returned the boy to the custody of his father.† (US Supreme Court). Over the next year, Winnebago's Department of Social Services visited the DeShaney household five times and each time, suspected child abuse was reported. In January and March of 1984, Joshua was reported too ill to be visited by social services for his bimonthly check ups. Evidently, he had been beaten to the point of slipping in to a life threatening coma by his father. Emergency brain surgery revealed that Joshua had a series of severe brain hemorrhages caused by head injuries inflicted over a long period of time. Joshua DeShaney survived, but he suffered severe brain damage and was not expected to ever make a full recovery. Joshua DeShaney's mother filed a lawsuit on his behalf, claiming that because DSS had taken no action to prevent the violence affecting her son, they had violated his right to liberty without the due process gauranteed to him by the Fourteenth Amendment. Joshua's mother sued under â€Å"42 U.S.C. 1983, alleg... ...nnebago County."  Wikipedia. N.p., 10 12 13. Web. 10 Jan 2014. . U.S. Supreme Court, . N.p.. Web. 10 Jan 2014. . Strauss, P.. N.p.. Web. 10 Jan 2014. . Cornell, . 10 Jan 2014. . . N.p.. Web. 10 Jan 2014. . . N.p.. Web. 10 Jan 2014. . . N.p.. Web. 10 Jan 2014. . "Estelle v. Gamble."  Wikipedia. N.p., 29 10 13. Web. 11 Jan 2014. . "Younberg v. Romeo."  Wikipedia. N.p., 5 11 12. Web. 11 Jan 2014. .

Outline and Evaluate theories and research explaning institutional aggression Essay

Institutional aggression is a form of aggression which is present in institutions such as the police, armed forces and security services, as well as criminal and terrorist groups (i.e. those who are bound together by a common purpose to be aggressive). There have been a number of theories developed to try and explain the cause of institutional aggression. The theories fall into two categories which are situational factors (referring to factors present in social situations), and dispositional factors (referring to characteristics of the individual e.g. personality). The first theory trying to explain intuitional aggression is based on situational factors was Zimbardo’s Stanford prison experiment. In this experiment a sample of 24 male participants (pps) was used and each pps was given a full physical and mental evaluation to ensure full health. Pps were randomly allocated into roles as guards or prisoners. As the pps started to get into their roles the guards became more and more controlling. Guard Hellman was found to be one of the most aggressive officers. Before Hellman had entered the experiment he had described himself as someone who loves all people. Zimbardo concluded that it was the ‘situation’ that had made Hellman behave the way he did. See more: outline format for essay This research supports the situational explanation of aggression because it emphasises how people will act aggressively when they are in a certain situation. A strength of this study is that cause and effect can be established. This is because Zimbardo’s had control and by removing extraneous variables such as pps being at the same levels of aggression as each other and being given a psychological and mental evaluation before they started the study. This would suggest that the being in the prison environment made the pps to behave more aggressively as they were simply trying to fulfill their roles as prison guards. However the guards were consistently aware that they were in a prison study. If they were aware that they were in a study they may have believed that their behavior was punishable. If their behavior had become extreme they would have been stopped but as Zimbardo was the one undertaking the study, the guards may have thought that he would be responsible if anything went wrong, (agentic shift). This suggests that the guards were not responsible for their actions as they were acting as directed. So therefore this study does not support the situational explanation of aggression as the pps were aware that this was a study and may have only been acting in the way they thought they were expected to act. The study of Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq was not a study and it was a real life scenario so this would be a better example to I=use for explaining situational factors to aggression. Abu Ghraib was a prison in Iraq where US troops kept Iraqi prisoners of war (POWs). The prison came after fire after US soldiers took pictures showing how them dehumanizing and degrading the POWs. Zimbardo was a key witness at the trial of these soldiers and argued that their behavior was merely the product of situational factors associated with being a soldier and being a guard in such a unique environment. He continued to argue that a lot of US soldiers were being murdered in Iraq and the situation within the prison was enough to turn a good soldier bad. Zimbardo stated some key factors that may have resulted in the behavior at Abu Ghraib. He noted that the status and power of those involved was a factor that may have contributed to the behavior of the soldiers. Those who were involved were usually low ranking officers, by doing this they may have thought that would move up in status. Also deindividuation may have caused the soldiers to act in the way the did as they may have been deindividuated because they were wearing a uniform and also because they were in a large group. This may have caused them not to feel as though they had a personal identity. This scenario is hard to retest or generalise because of the unique nature of the situation. Can these findings even be applied to other soldiers behavior in other wars? The soldiers may have felt that since they were in a seemingly lawless country that there would be no repercussions. So therefore it may have been this unique situation only where this kind of behavior would be seen also as it can not be replicated it is not reliable. Dispositional factors can not be ruled out. To become a soldier you have to be a certain kind of person and have certain traits within that would relate to the job so the soldiers could have certain qualities within them that may have caused them to act in the way they did.

Good Mental Health Or Good Grades - 925 Words

Good Mental Health or Good Grades? Eighty percent of high school students have a part time job. High school students are encouraged to be active in all sorts of things, such as sports, work, social life, and also have schoolwork. This is why most high school students struggle finding balance. Overwhelmed high school students have trouble balancing it all, but there are many methods to help solve this though, such as a schedule, asking someone with experience, or even finding tips that best fit you. High school students use extracurricular activities and social time as a way to deal with their stress of homework and working. However sometimes these activities only add to their stress. High school students have a very busy life and sometimes don’t know how to make time for it all. Some see social life more important than homework or work. Sometimes this can lead to bad results such as dropping out, failing a class or falling behind. In order for students to have good mental heal th, free time is crucial. So lets calculate how a typical high school student spends 24 hours. Lets say this student is in college classes, is in a relationship, works part time and has family things to accomplish as well. This student wakes up at 6:00 a.m. and gets ready for school and leaves at 6:20 a.m. When she arrives at school she goes to her anatomy and physiology lab practicum until 8:15. At 8:15 p.m. she goes to her first block class until 9:45 p.m. after that she goes from one class toShow MoreRelatedCareer And Transition Into College1351 Words   |  6 Pagesextremely overwhelmed. In order to have a successful career and transition into college, one must maintain a healthy state of mental health. Mental health can be negative or positive and there are numerous amounts of ways to help students with their mental health overall. Mental health is the state of mind an individual has and it involves ones physical health and emotions. 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It has been implied by a number of news sources and other people that school junk food bans are not effective. But this is clearly not the case. In a study conducted by Harvard Universtiy, children gained less weight from fifth to eighth grade if they lived in states with strong laws versus states with little to no laws governingRead MoreHigh School Reform Is Flawed And Now Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesmore involved with their kids grades and be informed about educational things that are going on at the school. â€Å"Parents are the most important partner in a child’s education and schools can reap large dividends by capitalizing on their support.† (Getting Parents Involved in Schools. Reading Rockets. Web. 14 Apr. 2016.) 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It took several weeks to work on this research, and the project went very smoothly. As a group, we worked together well. Everyone was on time for our scheduled meetings, and we divided tasks so that each person had a clearly defined role within the group. There were no issues or problems during the times that we worked together. Although we were not personal friends

Essay on Salvation on Sand Mountain by Dennis Covington

Dennis Covington writes about a unique method of worship—snake handling, in his memoir, Salvation on Sand Mountain. He begins as a journalist, looking in on this foreign way of life; however, as time progresses he increasing starts to feel a part of this lifestyle. As a result loses his journalistic approach, resulting in his memoir, detailing his own spiritual journey. Upon the conclusion of his stay in this world, Covington realizes the significance of this journey, and argues in his memoir that we cannot entirely know ourselves until we step outside of our comfort zone and separate ourselves from our norm. It is almost as if Covington was in a dream or some sort of trance throughout this whole experience. He begins as a†¦show more content†¦Allowing himself to be pulled into this world says a lot about the author’s character: it is almost as if he is vulnerable, and this vulnerability in some cases can be seen as a weakness. However, this vulnerable act all owed him to find himself and strengthen his previous beliefs and attitude. According to Aristotle, authors have an ethical obligation to have a strong ethos: this entails authors to have intelligence, rectitude, and goodwill, and Covington expresses this throughout his entire memoir. Even though, at the beginning he does not understand their behavior, and after he is embarrassed and virtually kicked out of the society, he is able to write the truth about the handlers with the utmost respect. Yes, he exposes many aspects of the handlers’ lives, but he does so in a respectful and journalistic manner: it is clear that the information he divulges is essential to the reader understanding the true meaning of his argument. The author does not purposely try to portray these people in the best light possible, but rather the most ingenuous way. He demonstrates his goodwill by remaining impartial during most of the memoir: occasionally he allows his emotions to effect his depiction of t he characters; however, this is almost impossible to achieve, because he interacted with these people and was reacting to certain situations. Covington writes this memoir for many reasons: he writes in order publicize this exclusiveShow MoreRelated Reflecting on Religion in Literature1925 Words   |  8 Pagesto use all three to form an overall definition of religion based on the work we have done throughout the semester. The three books that I am referring to are Ann Schiller’s Small Sacrifices, Rane Willerslev’s Soul Hunters, and Dennis Covington’s Salvation on Sand Mountain. Ann Schiller’s Small Sacrifices explores religious change among the Ngaju in Borneo, Indonesia. She elaborates on the Indonesian government’s demand on the Ngaju to conform to one of the religions they deem acceptable. In conformingRead MoreSnake Handling, a Pentecostal Pastime Essay1256 Words   |  6 Pagescrazy, and the list goes on and on. However, one of the negative stereotypes that tend to stick out more prominently than others is that people in Appalachian folk are crazy, serpent handling, Christians. In order for the people of the Appalachian Mountain region to figure out a way to get over this stereotype and move forward in their quest to be no longer considered â€Å"outdated†, they must first break down and fully understand what they are going up against. The region’s religion is characterizedRead MoreIn Dennis Covington’S Book Salvation On Sand Mountain And2612 Words   |  11 Pages In Dennis Covington’s book Salvation on Sand Mountain and David Haberman’s Journey Through the Twelve Forests: An Encounter with Krishna, we get two very different experiences of researches stepping into a world of different religion and perspectives than their own. While both Haberman and Covington focus on a certain religion and the traditions of its followers, Haberman does a better job with presenting an accurate representation of Hinduism and the Braj pilgrimage. This is because Covington’s

Speech Disorders Speech And Language Disorders - 1760 Words

Speech Disorders A speech disorder occurs when a person has problems with his or her voice or is unable to produce speech sounds correctly. Difficulties pronouncing sounds, articulation disorders, and stuttering are examples of speech disorders (â€Å"Speech and Language Disorders and Diseases†, 2016). Some of the common speech and voice disorders in adulthood include Dysarthria, Apraxia, and voice disturbances. Dysarthria is when a person has an ongoing difficulty expressing certain sounds or words. They have poorly pronounced speech (such as slurring) and the rhythm or speed of speech is changed. Dysarthria has many causes which include alcohol intoxication, Dementia, neuromuscular diseases, Facial trauma, Facial weakness or tongue weakness, head trauma, head and neck cancer surgery, nervous system disorders that affect the brain, poorly fitting dentures, side effects of medications that act on the central nervous system, stroke, or a Transient ischemic attack (â€Å"Speech impairment (adult): MedlinePlus medical encyclopedia†, 2016). Apraxia of speech is a motor disorder. The messages from the brain to the mouth are disrupted and the person cannot move his or her lips or tongue to the right place to say sounds correctly, even though the muscles are not weak, Apraxia can occur in conjunction with dysarthria or aphasia (language difficulties related to neurological damage). Apraxia is caused by damage to the parts of the brain that control coordinated muscle movements, such as aShow MoreRelatedSpeech and Language Disorders Psychology Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesSpeech And Language Disorders Psychology Essay Young children can have unclear speech and mispronounce words, but as the children get older they learn how to use their tongue, lips and brain to work in harmony to say difficult and unfamiliar words. For most children speech difficulties pass with time but for some they find it hard so they repeat or pro-long sounds. This can be very hard for children so they can struggle to find ways to avoid using these sounds or words. A phonological disorderRead MoreSpeech Disorder : Language Delay Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesLANGUAGE DELAY IN TODDLERS. Language delay in toddlers should by no means be confused with speech disorder or language disorder. Speech disorder is when one’s child is incapable of sounds pronunciation in words. 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Occupational Health and Safety

Question: Explain about the Facts and term for Occupational Health and Safety? Answer: Employees always want a safe and healthy culture in the workplace. Thus, the employer should have key concern upon the health and safety measures in the organization for providing a healthy and safe culture. Culture can be defined as the organizational philosophy that pervades the regular activities in the workplace (Berlin et al. 2012). Health and safety are major aspects of organizational culture. Healthy and safe culture can promote the work efficiency of the employees, thereby leading to the success of the organization. This essay would be focused on the importance of occupational health and safety culture in the organization and its application within an organization. Schulte et al. (2012) depicted that, development of a strong safety culture has the greatest impact on the reduction of incidence and accidents in the workplace. For this reason, developing cultures should be the priority of the managers and supervisors. Safety culture includes the attitudes, beliefs, values and practices existing in the establishment. A healthy and safe culture can shape the behavioral attributes of the employees toward positive outcomes. There are a number of external as well as internal factors that help in building the safety culture in the organization. These factors include management and employees norms, values, myths, stories, policies and procedures in the organization, employees training and motivation, supervisor priorities responsibilities and accountability, management and employee attitudes, quality issues and production pressure (Farrow and Reynolds 2012). In an organization where a strong safety culture is provided, people feel responsible for and saf e in their job as well as employees attempt to go beyond their duty for determining the unsafe conditions and behaviors. After identifying unsafe conditions, people attempt to understand and reform behaviors for correcting them. The elements of a safety culture include commitment or buy-in at all the business levels, treatment as investment, training and information for all the employees, a system for detecting, controlling and preventing hazards, a blame-free environment, integration into continuous improvement process and celebration of success (Arezes and Swuste 2012). There are some basic principles that are important for building a safe culture and managing safety performance in the organization. These principles should be followed in the organization for promoting workplace health and safety. The first one is the establishment and observation of a written corporate safety policy. Next based on the policy, an independent safety review process would be created (Zanko and Dawson 2012). The first step of a safety management system (SMS) implementation is the establishment of safety policy for all the levels of business. Then the next principle would be the risk assessment procedure. In this context, the severity and foresee ability of product hazards would be identified and evaluated. Then a design would be reviewed for assessing the risk of injury after considering the environment, hazards and predictable use (Chu and Dwyer 2012). The system can incorporate proactive and reactive approaches for enhancing the overall risk management. The first attempt of the system would be the elimination of hazards if it is not possible; the system should attempt to reduce the chance of injury by providing protection against the hazard. At this point of risk assessment, the communication with each member of the organization is important (Ajala 2012). It is because, at this point, users should be warned about the product dangers and should motivate them to avoid injury. Through the effective communication and training of the employees, they can be promoted for using only safe products in the workplace. The system should monitor the performance of each member of the organization against the objectives set by the organization by maintaining the safety-related records in the organization. Continuous monitoring and reviewing of the safety culture and management in the workplace is the important principle for identifying any kind of safety related concerns before leading to severe consequences (Kuempel et al. 2012). In addition, prom otion is one of the most important principles for ensuring healthy and safe culture in the workplace through the transparent and effective communication channels in the organization. For managing safety in the workplace, a safety management system can be implemented after consulting with the members of the organization. For reducing injuries, accident, the Ideagen Safety Management software can be implemented in the organization. This software has the capabilities of identifying hazards, reporting the occurrence of incidence and accident, risk assessment, modeling and control automation, performance monitoring, audit management, policy and document control as well as CA/PA management (Farrow and Reynolds 2012). Through the implementation of this system, the risk of unsafe behaviors of employees can be reduced. Additionally, this software will be able to assess the implementations of procedures following the Health and Safety Act 1974, occupational health and safety act, 1990, health and safety regulations and the policies set by the organization (Zanko and Dawson 2012). Training is important for making employees aware of the internal health hazards. A safety team can be built, who will be appointed for monitoring and assessing any kind of incidence of the accident, injuries or any kind of unsafe behavior of employees. The reporting and the documenting system are essential for monitoring the incidents in the workplace. The safety team would review the non-compliance to the health and safety objectives set by the organizational policies and the offenses would be categorized. If the non-compliance can be mitigated through communication, the team would do it otherwise, according to the categories of unsafe behavior, appropriate penalties would be charged and employees will be rewarded according to their safe and cultural behavior that could be monitory, non-monitory or an annual appraisal (Ajala 2012). The safety culture in an organization can be influenced by both external and internal factors as depicted above. The internal factors help to shape the culture and behavior of the employees. The cultural factors have a major role health and safety measurement. The safety culture depends upon the some internal sub cultural factors; these include physical culture, behavioral culture, management and norm culture and ideological culture. All of those factors in a workplace make a healthy and safe culture in the organization. Additionally, some external factors affect or influence these internal factors, thereby contributing in establishing safety culture in workplace (Zanko and Dawson 2012). These factors include the national and state health and safety acts, social effects, industry environment and production or service demands. These factors can shape the culture through the involvement of safety culture. The internal and personal factors of employees can also influence the safety culture that can be influenced by the leadership culture. A leader can shape or influence the safety behavior of his subordinates, thereby ensuring healthy and safe environment (Farrow and Reynolds 2012). The communications, competence of employees as well as management communications are also other factors that influence safety culture. In conclusion, it can be said that safety is a key part of a corporate culture and it should be incorporated at all levels of business for providing a healthy environment to the employees. In this context, the principles of safety cultures included some factors, responsibility, leadership, trust, decision-making, training, constant assessment. Along with these factors, some external factors are also responsible for shaping the safety culture of the workplace. The essay revealed the principle steps in managing workplace safety. 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